Debunking Professor Winston

On Wednesday morning, Profesor Robert Winston made some wild claims regarding trans people on BBC Radio 4’s “Today” programme. He talked about “horrific” surgeries, extremely high surgical complication rates and linked this to a high level of regret. For those not familiar with the topic this might sound like solid science from a respected personality.

It’s not science.

One possibility is that he’s just clueless about the topic. After all, he’s a fertility rather than gender specialist. Another option is that he’s dishonestly using statistics to engage in scaremongering based on a political, not scientific, viewpoint.

Winston made equally wild claims about cycle lanes causing pollution last year. He didn’t say what paper he was referring to so he couldn’t be fack checked. This time, he sourced his claims the following day via Twitter and the article is available online (Dreher et al., 2018) for a fee.

One of Winston’s statements on Radio 4 was that there are complications in about 40% of trans surgeries. That figure does not appear in the paper. It actually says the complication rate is 32.5%, but we also get into confusion over terminology.

You see the same confusion with “elective” vs “emergency” surgery. These are medical terms with specific meanings not apparent to the layperson, and elective just means it was scheduled in advance, but it can still be life-saving surgery. And if you worry about such things, don’t ever read the patient information leaflet for Ibuprofen. Apparently, it causes heart attacks.

Someone as senior as Winston is no doubt aware of the possibility of confusion when using technical terms. But he wants us to believe trans surgery is terrible, so he abuses this confusion and talks about complications then moves on to “horrific” surgeries. He leads the listener to believe that all complications are “horrific” and many surgeries have unwelcome results.

They don’t.

Most complications are minor, and might not even register with the patient as a complication. For example, nearly half (44%) of the complications in the study are “Meatal Stenosis”. These form the bulk of the 21.7% “reoperation” rate, largely from one German study. The paper is available for free (Rossi et al., 2012), but contains graphic genital surgery images not suitable for an office environment. It might sounds serious and make it seem like SRS is Germany is very dangerous. However, in lay terms, it means “you probably piss in a funny direction, or dribble a bit”. The fix is minor in most cases and might not even need an operation. The Germans seem to use a two-stage technique, so appear to be unfussed by needing “re-operation” – they have already scheduled a second-stage operation.

Some things can go wrong of course, as with any surgery, but most of the “complications” are in this vein or even more minor. A bit more bleeding than was expected or some tissue granulation.

Now we get into issues of individual agency. If the patient understands the possible consequences of a treatment and has given informed consent, isn’t that OK? Even with the scary prognosis Winston paints, it’s better than the alternative of a lifetime on Spironolactone or Zoladex. And that’s before we worry about the mental health issues involved.

I am a liberal, and I believe firmly in individual agency. It is entirely possible Winston has a more authoritarian view on this. But without knowing his views on similar issues such as abortion and the right-to-die, I don’t know what his outlook is.

Having planted the scary 40% figure in people’s minds, Winston then goes on to conflates regret with surgical complications. Signal boosting stories of regret and framing the debate to exaggerate regret rates is sadly a common anti-trans media tactic right now. However, trans surgeries have one of the lowest regret rates of any surgery – recent studies report it as being around 1-2%, with a meta-study looking at papers all the way back to 1960 (Dhejne et al., 2014) when surgical techniques were less developed still only placing the figure at 2.2%. For comparison, surgical regret rates for prostate surgery was a whopping 47% in one study (CG et al., 2013). Another paper found that breast cancer surgery had a 24% regret rate (Fernandes-Taylor & Bloom, 2011).

Finally, the programme was nominally about trans children.

Children can’t get trans-related surgeries.

References

2018

  1. Complications of the neovagina in male-to-female transgender surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis with discussion of management
    Paulette Cutruzzula Dreher, Daniel Edwards, Shaun Hager, and 5 more authors
    Clinical Anatomy, 2018

2014

  1. An Analysis of All Applications for Sex Reassignment Surgery in Sweden, 1960-2010: Prevalence, Incidence, and Regrets
    Cecilia Dhejne, Katarina Gorts Oberg, Stefan Arver, and 1 more author
    Archives of sexual behavior, May 2014

2013

  1. Treatment regret and quality of life following radical prostatectomy
    Ratcliff CG, L Cohen, CA Pettaway, and 1 more author
    Support Care Cancer, Dec 2013

2012

  1. Gender reassignment surgery - A 13 year review of surgical outcomes
    Roberto Rossi, F Hintz, S Krege, and 2 more authors
    International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology, Feb 2012

2011

  1. Post-treatment regret among young breast cancer survivors
    S Fernandes-Taylor, and JR Bloom
    Psychooncology, May 2011